Standings explained

How tiebreaks work

When two players finish on the same points, the standings still need an order — for trophies, qualification, and pairing the next round. Tiebreaks are the extra columns after Pts. Chess Republic Arena uses FIDE Handbook C.07 systems. Organisers choose which ones apply, and in which order.

Step 1

Points first

The player with more game points always ranks higher. Tiebreaks only start if points are equal.

Step 2

Then the list

The first tiebreak that is not equal decides the rank. The rest are ignored for that pair.

Step 3

Order matters

Buchholz first versus wins first can swap two tied players. That choice is set when the event is created.

Default order in Arena

New events use all 10 FIDE systems in this sequence (organisers can reorder or remove):

  1. 1Direct encounterDE · C.07.2.1
  2. 2BuchholzBH · C.07.2.2
  3. 3Buchholz Cut 1BH-C1 · C.07.2.3
  4. 4Median BuchholzMed BH · Variant
  5. 5Progressive scoresProg · C.07.2.4
  6. 6Number of winsWins · C.07.2.5
  7. 7Sonneborn–BergerSB · C.07.2.6
  8. 8Wins with BlackW+B · C.07.2.7
  9. 9Average opponent ratingAOR · AROC
  10. 10Initial ratingRating · Common

Worked example: a 5-player Swiss

Ava and Chloe both finish on 3.5 / 4. Direct encounter is a draw, they have the same number of wins, and they scored at the same speed — so default ranking is decided by Buchholz. Chloe had a first-round bye; Ava played a full field. Ava's opponents scored more, so she takes 1st.

Round 1

  • Ava Chen vs Dylan Patel1-0
  • Ben Walsh vs Elena Rossi1-0
  • Chloe Ng vs byeBye

Round 2

  • Ava Chen vs Ben Walsh1-0
  • Chloe Ng vs Dylan Patel1-0
  • Elena Rossi vs byeBye

Round 3

  • Ava Chen vs Elena Rossi1-0
  • Ben Walsh vs Chloe Ng0-1
  • Dylan Patel vs byeBye

Round 4

  • Ava Chen vs Chloe Ng½-½
  • Ben Walsh vs Dylan Patel1-0
  • Elena Rossi vs byeBye
RankPlayerPtsDEBHBH-C1Med BHProgWinsSBW+BAORRating
1Ava Chen3.50.58.57.549.536.75012301420
2Chloe Ng3.50.56.55.529.534.75112671350
3Ben Walsh211095.5523012651280
4Elena Rossi205.53.50420013501190
5Dylan Patel10973.5210013501100

Highlighted rows are the 3.5-point tie. Compare BH: Ava's field was stronger, so she ranks first. If the organiser had put Wins with Black first, Chloe would rank above Ava — she won as Black in round 3.

C.07.2.1 · DE

Direct encounter

Standings column: DE

If the tied players already played each other, the one who scored more in those games ranks higher. It is the 'head-to-head' tiebreak.

How it is counted

Look only at games among the players who finished on the same points. Add up what each of them scored against the others. Players who never met score 0 here, and ranking moves to the next tiebreak.

Who it favours

The player who beat (or scored better against) the people they are tied with.

Three players finish on 4 points

Maya, Noah, and Priya are tied. Their games against each other were: Maya beat Noah, Maya drew Priya, Noah beat Priya.

Playervs Mayavs Noahvs PriyaDirect encounter
Maya1½1.5
Noah011
Priya½00.5

Maya ranks first of the three (1.5), then Noah (1), then Priya (0.5) — even though all three have 4 points.

C.07.2.2 · BH

Buchholz

Standings column: BH

Add up the final scores of everyone you played. A higher total means you faced a tougher field.

How it is counted

For each opponent, take their tournament points at the end of the event and add them together. A bye is not an opponent, so it does not add to Buchholz — players who received a bye usually have a lower Buchholz than someone who played every round.

Who it favours

Players who were paired against stronger (higher-scoring) opponents.

Ava and Ben both finish on 3 points

After four rounds they have the same score. Buchholz looks at how their opponents finished.

PlayerOpponent scoresBuchholz
Ava4 + 3 + 2.5 + 110.5
Ben3.5 + 2.5 + 2 + 1.59.5

Ava ranks above Ben. Her opponents scored more, so her 3 points were earned against a harder field.

C.07.2.3 · BH-C1

Buchholz Cut 1

Standings column: BH-C1

Buchholz, but ignore your weakest opponent. One very low-scoring opponent (a withdrawal, or someone who had a poor event) should not decide the ranking by itself.

How it is counted

Calculate full Buchholz, then subtract the lowest opponent score. The rest of the field still counts.

Who it favours

Players who had one unusually weak pairing, without throwing away the rest of their opposition.

Ava played someone who scored 0

Full Buchholz punishes Ava for that one opponent. Cut 1 drops the 0 and compares the rest of the field.

PlayerOpponent scoresBuchholzCut 1 (drop lowest)
Ava4, 3.5, 3, 010.510.5
Ben3.5, 3, 2.5, 2119

Full Buchholz would rank Ben higher (11 vs 10.5). After cutting the 0, Ava ranks higher (10.5 vs 9). That is the point of Cut 1.

Variant · Med BH

Median Buchholz

Standings column: Med BH

Ignore both your strongest and your weakest opponent, then add the scores in the middle. It trims pairing luck at both ends.

How it is counted

Take all opponent scores, drop the highest and the lowest, and sum what remains. If a player has fewer than two opponents, Median Buchholz equals full Buchholz.

Who it favours

Players with a consistently strong field, not just one standout (or one very weak) pairing.

Five-round event, both on 3.5

Drop the best and worst opponent from each list, then add the middle three.

PlayerOpponent scoresDropMedian Buchholz
Ava4, 3, 2.5, 2, 14 and 17.5
Ben3.5, 3.5, 3, 2, 1.53.5 and 1.58.5

Ben ranks higher. His 'middle' opposition was stronger once the extremes are removed.

C.07.2.4 · Prog

Progressive scores

Standings column: Prog

Reward players who scored earlier in the event. After every round, write down the running total; then add those running totals together.

How it is counted

Round 1 score becomes the first running total. After round 2, add that game to the running total, and so on. Progressive is the sum of those running totals. Front-loaded wins usually mean the player stayed on higher boards.

Who it favours

Players who started well, rather than those who recovered with a late surge.

Same 3 points, different timing

Five rounds. Ava won early; Ben recovered later. Both finish on 3.

PlayerRound scoresRunning totalsProgressive
Ava1, 1, ½, 0, ½1, 2, 2.5, 2.5, 311
Ben0, ½, 1, 1, ½0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 37.5

Ava ranks higher (11 vs 7.5). She had more points sitting on the board for more of the tournament.

C.07.2.5 · Wins

Number of wins

Standings column: Wins

Simply count how many games were won. Draws do not count. Byes and forfeit wins do count.

How it is counted

Each result of 1 point from a win, bye, or forfeit adds 1 to this column. Two players can share the same points with different win counts if one drew more often.

Who it favours

Players who played for a win instead of collecting draws.

Both finish on 3.5

Ava mixed wins and a loss. Ben drew a lot.

PlayerResultsPointsWins
Ava3 wins, 1 draw, 1 loss3.53
Ben2 wins, 3 draws3.52

Ava ranks higher because she won more games, even though the points are equal.

C.07.2.6 · SB

Sonneborn–Berger

Standings column: SB

Wins against strong players count more than wins against weak players. Draws count as half of that opponent's score.

How it is counted

For every opponent: (your score in that game) × (that opponent's final points). Add those products. A win against someone on 4 is worth 4; a draw against them is worth 2; a loss is worth 0.

Who it favours

Players whose points came from beating (or drawing) higher-scoring opponents.

Quality of results, not just the field

Ava and Ben both have 3 points, but Ava beat stronger players.

PlayerResults vs final scoresSonneborn–Berger
AvaWon vs 3, won vs 2, drew vs 4, lost vs 3.53 + 2 + 2 = 7
BenWon vs 1.5, drew vs 3, drew vs 4, lost vs 31.5 + 1.5 + 2 = 5

Ava ranks higher. Buchholz only asks who you played; Sonneborn–Berger asks how you scored against them.

C.07.2.7 · W+B

Wins with Black

Standings column: W+B

Count only wins scored with the black pieces. Black is the harder colour, so those wins are treated as a sign of strength.

How it is counted

A win as White, a draw, a bye, or a forfeit win as White does not add to this column. Only a full point scored while playing Black does.

Who it favours

Players who won games from the more difficult colour.

Both have 3 wins

Ava's wins were all with White. Chloe won once with Black.

PlayerWinsWins with Black
Chloe31
Ava30

Chloe ranks higher on this tiebreak. Organisers who put it late in the list only use it if earlier systems are still tied.

AROC · AOR

Average opponent rating

Standings column: AOR

The average rating of the players you faced. Byes are skipped because there is no opponent.

How it is counted

Add the ratings of every opponent, then divide by the number of opponents. Arena rounds that mean to a whole number.

Who it favours

Players who were paired against higher-rated opposition.

Same score, different ratings faced

Four games each. Ratings are the opponents' ratings before the event.

PlayerOpponent ratingsAverage
Ava1600, 1450, 1380, 12001408
Ben1500, 1480, 1320, 11001350

Ava ranks higher. This system uses ratings, not tournament scores, so it can differ from Buchholz.

Common · Rating

Initial rating

Standings column: Rating

The rating each player brought to the event. Used last — only if every earlier tiebreak is still equal.

How it is counted

Compare starting ratings. The higher-rated player ranks above the lower-rated player. If ratings are equal too, Arena falls back to rating again as a final sort (in practice the arbiter may draw lots).

Who it favours

The higher-rated player. It is a last resort, not a measure of what happened in this event.

Nothing else separates them

Ava and Ben are still tied after every performance tiebreak.

PlayerPointsStarting rating
Ava31420
Ben31280

Ava ranks higher on rating. Many organisers keep this at the end of the list, or omit it.

Reading a live standings table

  • Pts is always the rank that matters first.
  • Column letters (DE, BH, SB…) are the tiebreaks this event is using, in order from left to right.
  • Only compare those extra columns when two players have the same points. A lower Buchholz does not overtake a higher score.
  • Organisers set the list under event setup. Changing the order can change who is 1st when scores are tied — it never changes the points themselves.
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